Even if you’ve never heard of beta-carotene before, chances are you’ve known about its health benefits for most of your life. Most commonly known as nature’s source of vitamin A, beta-carotene is the pigment that lends the lustrous orange color to everything from carrots to mangos to pumpkins. Your mother may have just told you that carrots were good for your eyes, but really, those carrots were giving your body so much more. At the same time, however, beta-carotene isn’t a natural super-drug. When it comes to cancer, sometimes there’s such a thing as too much of a good thing.
There’s no denying that beta-carotene, and its related carotenoid cousins, are good for your health. Abundantly present in root vegetables, leafy greens, and a range of other fruits, beta-carotene is the most readily available source of vitamin A on the planet. It’s also an important part of our diet. Without beta-carotene (and in turn without vitamin A), we wouldn’t be able to see in color, our skin would be susceptible to UV radiation, and our body cells wouldn’t be able to regenerate. In short, vitamin A plays a very important part in keeping us alive.
As a result of its importance, an exceptional amount of research has been conducted in the hope of understanding exactly how beta-carotene benefits our health. Of this research, a fair portion has examined beta-carotene’s effects on cancer. And for a while, there was some evidence that suggested it might help reduce our risk of developing cancer. As a result, some people began to believe that large doses of carotene would be beneficial to our health.
Unfortunately, the truth of the matter isn’t quite as promising as originally thought. Although beta-carotene may slightly lower the risk of developing some kinds of cancer, it turns out that high doses may actually increase your risk of developing other cancers. In most cases, however, an increased intake of beta-carotene (as well as other related carotenes like lycopene) won’t change things one way or the other.
Among the people who actually experienced negative results from high doses of beta-carotene, smokers seemed to suffer the greatest risk. Heavy smokers who supplemented their diets with extra beta-carotene were actually more likely to develop lung cancer. Additionally, similar studies conducted on patients currently in aggressive cancer treatments revealed that beta-carotene significantly reduced the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
The moral of the story is that sometimes you can have too much of a good thing. Although experts insist that beta-carotene is the best way to get your daily vitamin A allowance, it should only come from natural vegetable sources. Artificial beta-carotene supplements are ineffective at best, and at worst, may impair your health, especially when taken in large amounts. Above all else, carotenes shouldn’t be thought of as cures for cancer. If you’re already in cancer treatment, or are about to start, talk to your doctors first to find out which foods will benefit you best. Otherwise, just make sure to eat plenty of orange vegetables. They’ll provide all the vitamin A your body needs.